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- Fatores de variação do número de células somáticas do leite de ovelhas serra da estrela: método instrumental vs. método de referênciaPublication . Oliveira, Jorge; Lemos, Carlota; Brito, Manuel; Coutinho, Rui; Pinto, AntónioÉ cada vez mais evidente, para a contagem de células somáticas, o interesse em avaliar a eficiência de métodos indiretos comparativamente com o método de contagem direta por microscopia ótica (método de referência), permitindo a maior utilização deste indicador como preditor de incidência de mamites e a sua inclusão em programas de melhoramento animal em ovinos, em detrimento do método de referência. Pretendeu-se avaliar o número de células somáticas (NCS) do leite de ovelhas Serra da Estrela obtido pelo equipamento DCC da DeLaval (DeLaval International AB, Tumba, Suécia) comparativamente ao método de referência, bem como a influência dos observadores na leitura direta ao microscópio. Foram utilizadas 50 amostras de leite de ovelhas Serra da Estrela recolhidas em duas explorações. Cada amostra foi analisada no equipamento DCC da DeLaval e por 3 observadores através da contagem direta por microscopia, com 50 contagens por amostra. Os observadores foram classificados em 3 níveis de experiência: O1, maior experiência; O2, experiência média; O3, menor experiência. O estudo das diferenças entre o NCS foi realizado através do teste ANOVA de Friedman e análise dos contrastes (α=5%) com recurso ao SPSSv25. Retiraram-se 3 observações com valores extremos (outliers), superiores a 3 milhões de células somáticas por mL de leite, de acordo com Oliveira et al. (2019, ainda não publicado). O NCS obtido no DCC foi, em média, 274617±448537 cél./mL enquanto que o dos 3 observadores foi, respetivamente de 311830±418479 cél./mL (O1), 236936±369142 cél./mL (O2) e 179404±330639 cél./mL (O3). Os resultados indicaram existirem diferenças entre os três observadores e apenas entre o O3 e a leitura do DCC (p<0,05). Sendo certo que a experiência do observador na leitura das células somáticas é indispensável para a contagem adequada do NCS por microscopia, o método DCC apresentou uma precisão e fiabilidade adequadas para utilização de forma sistemática na leitura do NCS do leite de ovelhas Serra da Estrela.
- Effect of Biochar on Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Productivity of Cardoon Crop (Cynara cardunculus L.)Publication . Barracosa, Paulo; Cardoso, Isabel; Marques, Francisco; Pinto, António; Oliveira, Jorge; Trindade, Henrique; Rodrigues, P.; Pereira, José L.S.Cardoon could be cropped for agro-environmental, industrial, and pharmaceutical purposes. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of biochar on emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4), and productivity of cardoon crop. A pot experiment was run outdoors from April to August 2018, with a cardoon plant per pot. The following four treatments, with four replicates each, were applied: control, soil only; mineral, soil amended with mineral fertilizer (2.5 g N m−2); biochar, soil amended with biochar (1 kg m−2); and mineral+biochar, soil amended with mineral fertilizer (2.5 g N m−2) and biochar (1 kg m−2). The morphological characteristics and biomass production of cardoon plants were evaluated, and the fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 were measured by using the closed chamber technique. The application of biochar combined with mineral reduced N2O emissions by 36% and global warming potential (GWP) by 26% relative to mineral. However, the cumulative CO2 and CH4 emissions as well as yield-scaled GWP were not significantly different among amended soil treatments. Furthermore, the biomass production was increased by 50% by the application of biochar combined with mineral fertilizer relative to mineral. It was concluded that biochar combined with mineral fertilizer is recommended as a pathway mitigation for agro-environmental purposes, because it reduces the global warming potential and could increase the biomass production of cardoon plants.
- Cross visiting training guide for innovative beekeepingPublication . Basile, Salvatore; Alvarez, Alba; Dahle, Bjørn; Coelho, Catarina; Costa, Cristina Amaro; Costa, Daniela; Gaião, Davide; Esteves Correia, Helena; Oliveira, Jorge; Tourino, Luis; Krsnik, Martina; Correia, Paula; Guiné, Raquel; Karise, Reet; Raimets, Risto; Lederer, Vedran
- Produção de aves em modo biológico: uma estratégia sustentávelPublication . Coelho, Catarina; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Oliveira, Jorge
- Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Focus on Drinking-WaterPublication . Teixeira-Lemos, Edite; Teixeira De Lemos, Luís Pedro; Oliveira, Jorge; Pais do Amaral, JoséAbstract The presence of pharmacological compounds in drinking water has been a cause for concern in recent years and are believed to have serious impacts on human and environmental health. Current research has shown that they can pose an ecotoxicological risk due to their potential long-term negative effects on living organisms, even though they exist in relatively low concentrations in drinking water (ng L− 1). This article is a review of the most important available literature on pharmaceutical residues in water cycle, focusing mostly on drinking water. The authors start by approaching the occurrence and fate of pharmacological compounds in drinking waters, with a particular emphasis on the pharmacological classes which are more frequently detected. Then, existing processes to remove these xenobiotics from drinking waters and analytical detection methods are also explored, followed by an analysis of the ecotoxicity and potential risks for human health of exposure to trace amounts of pharmaceuticals in drinking water. Finally, after examining existing legislation regarding pharmaceuticals in drinking water, namely the European Union regulatory frameworks, the authors discuss future perspectives in research, social, and legislative measures on this matter are discussed in light of the currently identified gaps in both scientific knowledge and legislation.
- OS-MRS as a predictor of hospital length of stay – a retrospective audit of patients submitted to elective gastric bypass surgeryPublication . Cruz, Fátima; Ferreira, Cristina; Oliveira, Jorge; Ramos, Patrícia; Miguel, Diogo SBackground: Obesity is an important public health problem, with a high prevalence worldwide. Bariatric surgery emerged as an effective therapeutic tool, with improvement of quality of life and a decrease in all-cause mortality. Obesity Surgery Mortality Risk Score (OS-MRS) predicts 90-day mortality after bariatric surgery, but its association with hospital length of stay (LOS) has not been elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the association between OS-MRS and LOS after gastric bypass surgery. Methodology: We retrieved clinical and demographic data of 474 patients who had been submitted to gastric bypass surgery for this retrospective audit at Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, (Portugal), between January 2010 and May 2015. The patients were classified as Class A, B or C. The primary goal was to evaluate whether there was an association between OS-MRS and LOS after gastric bypass surgery. The study of the relationship between duration of surgery (DS) and LOS was also performed. Results: After application of exclusion criteria, 402 patients were included in the statistical analysis (172 patients Class A, 187 Class B and 43 Class C). Patients classified as OS-MRS Class A had a significant shorter LOS (3.5 ± 2.3 days) than patients classified as Class B (4.2 ± 5.1 days) and Class C (5.7 ± 12.6 days; p<0.001). A significant positive correlation between DS and LOS was observed, although the degree of that correlation was weak (ρ=0.203; p=0.001). Conclusion: A positive association of OS-MRS with hospital length of stay and duration of surgery was observed; the patients with higher OS-MRS classes had longer length of stay in the hospital and longer duration of surgery. Moreover, longer length of stay was slightly associated with longer surgery duration.
- Characterization of Beekeepers and Their Activities in Seven European CountriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Mesquita, S.; Oliveira, Jorge; Coelho, C.; Costa, Daniela; Correia, Paula; Esteves Correia, Helena; Dahle, B.; Oddie, M.; Raimets, R.; Karise, R.; Tourino, L.; Basile, S.; Buonomo, E.; Stefanic, I.; Costa, Cristina Amaro DaBeekeeping is an ancient activity that is gaining interest among practitioners and society in general. It is as an activity with positive impacts in the environmental, social and economic spheres, with the potential to reconnect these dimensions and contribute to sustainable development. Thus, it is important to determine the profiles of beekeepers across the world, and to understand the main social, economic or ecological drivers that shape their activities. Hofstede cross-cultural dimensions were used to better explain differences between countries. A survey was undertaken of beekeepers in different countries (Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, and Spain) in the native language of each nation. A total of 313 questionnaires, using an online platform or in paper form, was delivered face-to-face during training or dissemination events in 2019. Norway and Finland were the countries with the highest percentage of respondents with a university degree (>80%), while Spain (42%) and Croatia (48%) presented the lowest percentages. Most participants were experienced beekeepers (59% had more than five years of experience) with more than 50 colonies. With the exception of Italy, beekeeping appears to be a hobby or an additional professional activity. The main beekeeping products for these beekeepers were honey, wax, colonies and propolis, with an average honey production per season of 24.5 kg/hive. Crossing socio-demographic characteristics and Hofstede cross-cultural dimensions showed a relation among countries with higher Power Distance Index (PDI; this value expresses how society accepts and expects a certain inequality of power) and lower annual income and educational level (Croatia, Portugal, and Spain). A strong correlation appeared between Masculinity Femininity Index (MFI; this value refers to gender effects in society, with feminine societies meaning that the dominant values are caring for others and quality of life, as opposed to masculine societies, which are driven by competition, achievement and success) and age, income and education, with Norway presenting the most feminine society, with more educated and older beekeepers. The Uncertainty Aversion Index (UAI; this value explains how members of a society feel when dealing with unknown situations) was strongly associated with education. The results showed that increasing beekeepers’ income will contribute to balancing the distribution of power among members of society, and that this might be achieved by training, especially in Croatia, Portugal, Spain, and Italy.
- Beekeeping. Reference text for a MOOC coursePublication . Oddie, Melissa; Coelho, Catarina; Costa, Cristina Amaro; Costa, Daniela; Gaião, Davide; Oliveira, Jorge; Krsnik, Martina; Correia, Paula; Guiné, Raquel; Karise, Reet; Lederer, Vedran; Mesquita, Sónia; Basile, Salvatore; Raimets, Risto; Dahle, Bjørn
- 3% polidocanol foam sclerotherapy versus hemorrhoidal artery ligation with recto anal repair in hemorrhoidal disease grades II-III: a randomized, pilot trialPublication . Neves, Sara; Falcão, Daniela; Povo, Ana; Castro-Poças, Fernando; Oliveira, Jorge; Salgueiro, PauloPurpose: polidocanol foam sclerotherapy (SP) versus doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation with recto-anal repair (HAL-RAR) in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease (HD) was analyzed. Methods: a prospective, randomized study including patients with HD grades II and III was performed. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) into SP or HAL-RAR, during a recruitment period between September 2019 and February 2020. Therapeutic success (Sodergren’s and bleeding scores) was the primary outcome. Other outcomes evaluated included complications and implication in the professional life. Efficacy and safety outcomes were evaluated during the eight weeks after surgery or the final SP session. Results: forty-six patients were allocated either to SP (n = 22) or HAL-RAR (n = 24). Most patients achieved therapeutic success (SP 100 % vs HAL-RAR 90.9 %, p = 0.131). Complete success was higher in the SP group (91.7 % vs 68.2 %, p = 0.045) and SP patients had less complications (25 % vs 68.2 %, p = 0.003). HAL-RAR had a greater negative impact on work activity of the patient.
- The Prevalence of Polypharmacy and Potentially Inappropriate Medications and Its Relationship with Cognitive Status in Portuguese Institutionalized Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional StudyPublication . Caçador, Catarina; Teixeira-Lemos, Edite; Oliveira, Jorge; Pinheiro, João; Teixeira-Lemos, Luís; Ramos, FernandoThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in a population of older adults living in nursing homes. Furthermore, we also intended to assess the possible association between polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications and cognitive impairment in institutionalized older adults. A cross-sectional study analyzed data from 193 nursing home residents in the district of Viseu, Portugal, between September 2018 and June 2019, with a mean age of 82.4 ± 6.2 years (ranging from 65 to 95 years old); 72.5% (n = 140) were female participants. Major polypharmacy was presented in 80.8% of the study population, who took 7.6 ± 3.3 drugs per day. Using the Beers Criteria, we found that 79.3% took PIMs. There was a positive association between polypharmacy and PIM (p < 0.001), showing that higher medicines intake increased the number of PIMs. Polypharmacy was not associated with the functionality of the older adults to perform activities of daily living, but was associated with cognitive impairment. The older adults with lower scores on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) took more drugs (p = 0.039) and used more PIM (p < 0.001). Moreover, patients taking five or more prescription drugs per day (major polypharmacy) consuming any psychiatric, gastrointestinal or oral antidiabetic agents (regardless of whether they were considered potentially inappropriate or not) had higher odds of displaying cognitive impairment than those who did not (p < 0.05). Older adult residents of the studied nursing homes were potentially affected by polypharmacy and inappropriate polypharmacy. This observation reveals the need to adopt and implement strategies that make drug therapy more adequate and safer for older adults.
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