Departamento de Ciências da Linguagem (DCL)
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Browsing Departamento de Ciências da Linguagem (DCL) by Author "Adão, Teresa"
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- Há um falar e dois entenderesPublication . Oliveira, Ana Maria; Adão, TeresaHá um falar e dois entenderes numa perspectiva da psicolinguística, mostrando que o conteúdo de uma palavra ou expressão pode/tem sempre um segundo "entender"
- Humour and Leadership at SchoolPublication . Adão, Teresa; Oliveira, Ana MariaHumour and Leadership at School This study establishes a relationship between the capacity of humour appreciation and the way leadership is held at school. The individual leadership characteristics of some school leaders have been compared with their sense of humour and although the results haven’t been very conclusive, there is a strong tendency, showing that school headmasters who are true leaders reveal a good sense of humour. In methodological terms, this study was organized in two phases: in the first one, 85 headmasters answered to a questionnaire built in order to evaluate their leadership characteristics; in the second phase, 50 headmasters chosen among the initial 85 because of their good capacity of leadership were evaluated, taking into account Thorson and Powell sense of humour scale (1993). This experimental research enables us to conclude that there is a moderate positive correlation between sense of humour and the dominance personality of a leader as far as school environment is concerned.
- Making learning fun in the classroom: a serious undertakingPublication . Adão, Teresa; Oliveira, Ana MariaThe importance of humour has been increasing the interest in its potential applications in a variety of professional domains. This is the case of education which was traditionally seen as a serious undertaking where there was no place for humour. However it is now understood that it is possible and very advantageous to make learning fun. In the classroom, teachers should assume the role of learning mediators, so it seems pertinent to assess teachers’ ability to process humour information through humorous texts. Accepting the general research lines of Fauconnier and more recently of Ritchie, every humorous text follows a mechanism in which there is an initial part, called the set-up, appearing to have one interpretation, and a final part, the punchline, which provokes a mental shifting and forces the reader or the hearer to perceive another point of view. This change of interpretation does not mean the former was incorrect, but it is needed because it is responsible for the incongruity resolution without which the humour language comprehension does not happen and consequently there is no humour appreciation.w So the incongruity-resolution model of humour was tested by a series of humorous sketches each one followed by four possible endings among which the true funny punchline could be found. It has been asked the participants to complete the sketches by selecting one of the four options which they thought it was the funny ending. The results of this research showed evidence that teachers understand the language of humour.
- Mecanismos Cognitivos e Humor: uma Atitude Linguística que Pressupõe a Inteligibilidade Mútua.Publication . Adão, Teresa; Oliveira, Ana MariaLanguage is understood as part of a cognitive system, containing some processes as emotions, perception, categorization, abstraction and reasoning. Information processing and language understanding are active phenomena, requiring from the listener the obligation to use cognitive rules in order to resemble each sentence he or she is reading or listening to what he or she has read or heard before taking into account the perspective of textual cohesion. Thus, a cognitive rule can be defined as a general construct, a logical proposition or a fact that comes from experience. When the speech is humorous, the incongruity must be present. This is because the physical response of laughter is caused by the coexistence of two or more inconsistent, incongruous and apparently not bound together instances. The incongruity resolution model states that the creation of humor begins with the construction of an incongruity that is resolved later due to information which is provided, but there are several processes of creating and resolving the incongruity. However, humour appreciation also implies the cognitive ability to understand the humorous material, so that it is expected that an individual should select, correctly, the original conclusion of a humorous text (Shammi & Stuss, 1999). This study aims to understand how the cognitive mechanisms may influence the interpretation of a humorous text under the perspective of mutual intelligibility, considering the speaker and the listener in interlocutory terms. The methodological proceedings rely on asking 100 people to choose the original punch-line or funny end of seven pre-tested texts, among four hypotheses: logical but not surprising; surprising but not logical; not funny or coherent and the funny punch-line. The results are conclusive.
- O papel dos Processos Discursivos do Humor na Aquisição das Línguas Estrangeiras.Publication . Adão, Teresa; Oliveira, Ana MariaOs mecanismos discursivos do humor e o seu papel na aprendizagem de uma lígua estrangeira
- The Role of Incongruity in Verbal Humorous ComprehensionPublication . Oliveira, Ana; Adão, TeresaA criação do humor começa com a construção de uma incongruência que é resolvida posteriormente devido à informação que, entretanto, é fornecida. Assim, tendo por base textos humorísticos do Gato Fedorento, pretendeu-se explicitar a importância da incongruência no processamento da informação e verificar a existência de diferenças nesse processamento, considerando fatores como a idade, o sexo, a escolaridade, a área de estudos e a capacidade de distinguir textos neutros de textos humorísticos. Em termos metodológicos, pediu-se aos sujeitos intervenientes que identificassem a terminação original de cada texto, de entre quatro hipóteses construídas seguindo como critérios uma possibilidade lógica, mas esperada; uma possibilidade surpreendente, mas sem lógica e uma possibilidade sem coerência, nem sentido. Os resultados obtidos permitem a definição de algumas conclusões interessantes que apontam para a não verificação de diferenças significativas na identificação do final (punchline), o que pressupõe a resolução da aparente incongruência.