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- Os insetos comestíveis como nova tendência de consumo alimentar: desafios ligados à nutrição e saúdePublication . de Pinho Ferreira Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia de Guiné e; Ferreira, Manuela; Margarida Campos, Sofia; Cardoso, Ana PaulaIntrodução: As alterações climáticas são um dos impulsionador. da mudança em relação aos sistemas alimentares. Os insetos comestíveis são recomendados como uma fonte sustentável de alimentos de origem animal, mas a sua aceitação é muito diversificada entre culturas e países (Florença, et al . 2022). Além disso, embora sejam reconhecidos como possuindo elevado valor nutricional (Sánchez-Estrada et al 2024), algumas questões relacionadas com a segurança alimentar também podem estar associados ao seu consumo, corno sejam alergias (Baiano et al. 2020). Assim, este trabalho investigou as perceções dos consumidores sobre os insetos comestivels em 14 paises Métodos: Os dados foram recolhidos em 14 parses através de um questionário online. Os participantes derem o seu consentimento informado antes de aceder às questões para resposta, e tinham a possibilidade de parar o preenchimento a qualquer momento. O questionário foi traduzido nas línguas maternas em cada um dos países participantes (Guiné et a., 2024). Resultados: Os participantes mostraram dificuldade em manifestar uma opinião em relação a muitas das questões colocadas sobre os aspetos nutriclonais dos Insetos comestíveis e seus efeitos na saúde, benefícios ou riscos. Aspetos nutricionais que são mais do conhecimento dos participantes Incluem o seu conteúdo proteico, e que são fonte de energia. No que respeita à saúde, bastantes pessoas concordam que são utilizados na medicina tradicional, mas são menos os que sabem que os insetos podem conter alergénios ou aflatoxinas. Conclusões: Verificou-se, que embora haja algumas tendências comuns aos participantes, também há diferenças entre os conhecimentos de acordo com o pais de origem. Assim, o ambiente social, político e até económico pode Influenciar os conhecimentos dos participantes.
- A supervisão pedagógica em tempos de pandemiaPublication . Rocha, JoãoA situação vivenciada pelo formando/futuro professor observado e avaliado, em momento formativo, é considerada angustiante, podendo provocar situações de ansiedade, desespero ou tensão (Caires & Almeida, 2000). A supervisão pedagógica é primordial para minorar as consequências desvantajosas e proporcionar um itinerário que oriente para o sucesso pedagógico e para a eficiência do professor em formação. Um dos modos de desenvolver, aperfeiçoar e dominar as competências ou destrezas do processo de ensino e aprendizagem é a partir da sua prática, não dispensando a lecionação. Reconhecendo que a prática simples não garante a aprendizagem, assumimos que a supervisão pedagógica é muito importante, desde que assente em objetivos claramente definidos, permitindo uma reflexão acerca da consecução desses mesmos objetivos. Uma supervisão pedagógica de qualidade, eficiente, diligente, útil exigente e rigorosa dos pontos de vista teórico, organizacional e operacional (Rocha, 2016). Supervisão esta que permita a construção de “uma autêntica relação de colaboração entre colegas” (Alarcão & Canha, 2013, p. 119). Esta supervisão pode ser desenvolvida através de práticas isoladas, microensino, ensino com pares, ensino reflexivo, ensino em pequenos ou grandes grupos em situação real e ensino real (Siedentop, 1981). No atual contexto de pandemia, em que, em momento inicial, se privilegiaram as práticas de ensino não presencial, a supervisão da prática de ensino supervisionada debateu-se e debate-se com diversas contingências em termos de exequibilidade e eficácia. As instituições de ensino superior tiveram/têm de adaptar as práticas e os procedimentos supervisivos à situação de pandemia provocada pela COVID-19 e vivenciada por todas as entidades envolvidas nestes processos. Neste propósito, intentamos averiguar quais as dificuldades sentidas por uma instituição de ensino superior público e pelas escolas cooperantes que com ela colaboram na realização da prática de ensino supervisionada da formação de professores do 1.º CEB. Planeamos ainda compreender o modo como foram e vão ser operacionalizados os processos supervisivos em contexto de pandemia, na formação de professores do 1.º CEB. De acordo com os objetivos da investigação, elegemos uma investigação de caráter descritivo, recorrendo ao inquérito por questionário como técnica de recolha de dados. O inquérito por questionário foi aplicado a dois elementos da direção de dois agrupamentos de escolas, a três coordenadores de curso, a onze supervisores institucionais, a nove orientadores cooperantes e a dezanove formandos/futuros professores. Dado a investigação estar a decorrer, ainda não existem resultados definitivos. Adiantamos, contudo, de modo preliminar, que dada a manifesta impossibilidade do ensino presencial, os formandos/futuros professores, por indicação da instituição formadora, recorreram ao “microensino com pares” e ao #EstudoEmCasa. A supervisão foi desenvolvida de forma não presencial, uma supervisão entre pares que valorizou a reflexão e a aprendizagem em colaboração, potenciada pela auto-supervisão e hétero-supervisão (cf. Alarcão & Roldão, 2008), a partir de gravações (#EstudoEmCasa) e de atividades de “microensino com pares”, em que também foi utilizada a auto e a hetero-supervisão, tendo como suporte a videoconferência. A partir da análise dos dados, verificamos que os formandos/futuros professores manifestam uma opinião muito favorável ao modo como foi ultrapassada toda a situação de contingência, dada a impossibilidade de desenvolverem as suas práticas em contexto presencial, pela instituição de ensino superior, salientando uma participação ativa e colaborativa de todos os intervenientes no modo como a situação foi superada. Evidencia-se, porém, algum desagrado para com a posição assumida pelas direções das escolas cooperantes, ao não lhes ser dada a oportunidade de participarem nas aulas através do ensino à distância. Os coordenadores de curso e os supervisores institucionais salientam que lidaram com um processo complexo, mas que a situação foi superada de modo a que os formados/futuros professores não saíssem lesados no seu percurso formativo/profissional e nas suas aprendizagens.
- Potentialities of Memory Cafés supporting people with dementia and their caregiversPublication . Araújo, Lia; Amante, Maria João; Alvarez, Catarina; Sousa, IsabelAlzheimer/Memory Cafés recently emerged in several European countries and in North America as an initiative that involves people with dementia, their family/friend car- ers, and all others interested in dementia, focused in sociali- zation with an educational component. The sessions occur monthly and include a presentation on a different topic alternately with a stimulation/recreation activity, as well as refreshments, in a very informal and café-like atmosphere. The present study gathers evidence from eleven Cafés groups developed across Portugal in order to present the impact of this type of intervention in supporting people with dementia and their family members/carers. During the last three years of program implementation, 177 persons with dementia and 737 family members/carers, as well as 142 persons with memory problems and 272 persons interested on this topic have participated on the 226 Cafés sessions that were developed. Qualitative data was collected with a subgroup of family members (N= 50) regarding their opin- ion on the main benefits of attending sessions to themselves and their relatives with dementia. Main key themes from the analysis, such as dementia-friendly environments, where family can be together with their relatives, other caregivers and persons with dementia socializing in the community, and the potential of Cafés for reducing the stigma, obtain- ing information and discussing the disease openly with other persons (e.g., family, carers, professionals, volunteers) are presented and discussed as important potentialities of this type of support available to people with dementia and their carers.
- Centenarians in EuropePublication . da Costa Teixeira, Laetitia; Araújo, Lia; Ribeiro, Oscar; Jopp, Daniela; Paul, ConstançaIn the last decade, the number of centenarians world- wide has increased. Following this tendency, the number of centenarian studies has also exponentially augmented. Given the complexity to conduct research with centenarians, elementary information on this specific age group remains unknown at a European level. This paper compares basic characteristics of centenarians from 32 European coun- tries based on Census 2011. Results revealed that France is the country with higher ratio of centenarians, followed by Italy and Greece; on the other hand Croatia, Romania and Bulgaria present the lower ratio. The distribution accord- ing to gender is similar for all countries, with higher ratio of women reaching 100 years old. Different patterns of education level were found on countries where this infor- mation was reliable: Portugal and Greece are the countries with lower levels of education, with more than half without formal education; Finland, UK and Iceland are the countries with higher levels of education, with all centenarians having at least lower secondary education. Analysing the residence situation (living in the community or living in the institu- tion), Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Greece and Latvia are the countries that present higher percentages of centenarians living in the community; Iceland is the country with lower percentage of centenarians living in the community. A posi- tive correlation between the number of centenarians and the percentage of Total Health Expenditure of GDP is observed. This study provides important information about the current profile of European centenarians, which is compared to gen- eral information on the centenarian population from EUA and Asia.
- Religious social engagement and valuation of life in Portuguese centenariansPublication . Araújo, LiaIn very advanced age, successful aging becomes more and more difficult, for instance because age-related losses challenge the possibility to remaining socially engaged. This study analyzes the activity engagement patterns of Portuguese centenarians and its relation with well-being. A sample of 89 centenarians (Mage= 101.1 years, SD=1.4, range: 100–105) from the PT100 Oporto Centenarian Study was considered. Results demonstrated that the majority of the centenarians performed religious activities (94.4%), with 80 individuals (89.9%) praying and 34 (38.2%) going to the church. Regression analyses indicated that religious social engagement was related to Valuation of Life, even when the contribution of health (i.e., diagnosis and ADL) was consid- ered. In sum, findings point to the salience of spirituality in well-being in centenarians and to further explore the contri- bution of transcendence for capturing social successful aging phenomena in centenarians.
- Survival after 100 years of age in Portuguese centenariansPublication . da Costa Teixeira, Laetitia; Araújo, Lia; Paul, Constança; Ribeiro, OscarThe group of individuals aged 80 and over is growing faster than other segment of the population, and within this group the number of centenarians has risen exponentially worldwide. This phenomena lead to an increasing number of centenarian studies, improving the knowledge about this population, validating the idea of heterogeneity that char- acterizes this group. However, the factors influencing their aging survival remains understudied. The present study aims to identify factors associated with survival after 100 years old in a sample of Portuguese centenarians. After being included in a population-based study on centenarians (PT100–Oporto Centenarian Study), each participant was assessed by a tel- ephone interview every 6 months in order to assess his/her health condition. Follow-up was considered as the time (in months) between 100th birthday and death or the last tel- ephone contact. Survival analysis was performed to iden- tify factors associated with survival after 100 years old. Sociological and medical factors were considered. 140 cen- tenarians were assessed and 115 (82.1%) died. The median survival time after 100 years old was 38 months. Survival after age 100 was associated with acute disease (last month), self-perception of physical condition and drinking status. This study intends do identify factors that predict longevity in long-lived individuals. Findings recognize the importance of factors related with health status, self-perception of physi- cal condition and life style (no alcohol consume) for survival. Further studies should explore the predictive value of these factors, as well as psychosocial aspects, considering living longer but also the quality of time beyond one hundred.
- Looking at objective and subjective health in centenarians: always in agreement?Publication . Araújo, Lia; da Costa Teixeira, Laetitia; Ribeiro, Oscar; Paul, ConstançaCentenarians ́ objective health is often characterized by functional and health problems associated with their long- life and age-related problems. Nevertheless, their self-rated health (SRH) may not be necessarily negative. There is a large body of literature concerning SRH in later life but lack of evidence about one’s perception of health and its associated factors in very advanced ages. This study aims to analyse the relationship between subjective and objective health status in a sample of centenarians (n=127; Mage = 101.1 years, SD 1.5). Subjective health was assessed by a SRH single-item, and objective health by considering the number of reported diseases and a functional capacity scale. Main health char- acteristics are described as well as examined the associa- tion between objective and subjective health indicators and other relevant variables (e.g., individual resources). Results revealed that almost half of the sample has a positive (good, very good or excellent) health appraisal. Many of these indi- viduals have 3 or more diseases and are dependent in their ADL. Objective and subjective measures of health are dis- cordant is some cases. Results revealed that centenarians ́ SRH could be determined by other factors than the objective health ones. Having diseases and functional dependence at 100 years old may not mean to have a bad SRH. The high variability in SRH and the discordance between objective and subjective measures are a proof of centenarians ́capacity of adaptation and the existence of psychosocial resources that may be decisive for the perception and handling of health status at such an advanced age.
- What about the Portuguese oldest old? A global overview using census dataPublication . Brandão, Daniela; Ribeiro, Oscar; Araújo, Lia; Paul, ConstançaBackground The older population is itself aging, and achieving an advanced age is becoming more common worldwide. In Portugal, individuals aged 80+ represent 5.6 % of the total population and 26.5 % of the popu- lation were aged 65 and over in 2011. Having a national profile on this population will give important information to develop interven- tion programs and identify the areas requiring most attention. Ob- jective: This study aims to provide a profile of the Portuguese oldest old, as given by the last national census data. Methods The characteristics of all residents aged 80+ (N = 532,219) were ana- lysed considering socio-demographic information (gender, marital status, education, type of residence, place of birth, income) and the existence of difficulties in functional, sensorial and cognitive activities due to health problems or ageing. Results The majority of the most aged are females (64.5 %), widowed (53.9 %), and present low educational levels (46.1 % never attended school and 31.6 % do not know how to read/write). Own pensions constitute the main source of income (96.3 %) and the majority live in private households (88.8 %), with 43.2 % currently living in the place where they were born. The majority (73.0 %) reported major difficulties in at least one functional activity – bathing/dressing, walk- ing/climbing stairs, seeing, hearing, memory/concentration, under- standing others/being understood. Conclusions The high percentage of oldest old living in private households and the presence of functional limitations point to the importance of in- formal care and community care services to support this population. Further studies paying attention to their needs and utilisation of ser- vices are required.
- Life satisfaction and positive aspects of caregiving among centenarians proxies: the more dependent the better?Publication . Araújo, Lia; Brandão, Daniela; Duarte, Natália; Teixeira, Laetitia; Alves, Sara; Paul, Constança; Ribeiro, OscarTaking care of a centenarian is becoming a more common situation due to the longevity phenomenon. Nevertheless, there is lack of information on the specific dynamics related to the demands and potentialities of this specific caregiving experience. This study aims to analyze caregivers well-being and positive aspects related to the caregiving experience. Data came from the PT100 Centenarian Study and consid- ers information gathered through face-to-face interviews with centenarians and their proxies. The sample comprises 53 dyads (centenarians: Mage 100.9, SD 1.2, 84.9% female; informal caregivers: Mage 66.0, SD 8.8, 92.5% female). Instruments included the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and selected items from the Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC). Results demon- strated that 71.7% (n=38) of the caregivers were satisfied with their life. Life satisfaction was higher when the cen- tenarian presented higher cognitive constrains (GDS=5-7; p ≤0.05). Additionally, 63.6% (n=7) of the dissatisfied car- egivers were taking care of a centenarian without cogni- tive deficits (GDS=1-2). Caregivers life satisfaction was also associated with positive aspects of the caregiving experience: of those satisfied with their life, 81.8% (n=27) reported to appreciate life more due the caregiving experience (p ≤ 0.05). Higher dependence of the centenarian may be related with a higher sense of providing care and this should be further explored. Positive aspects of caregiving are of particular rel- evance and should be addressed within oldest-old family care interventions.
- Being successful aged at one hundred years old: alternative and subjective criteriaPublication . Araújo, Lia; Ribeiro, Oscar; Teixeira, Laetitia; Paul, ConstançaAge, i.e. being younger, has been the most consistent predictor of successful aging, indicating a dramatic drop of the rate of success with advancing age. However, emergent studies based on expanded psychological concepts have been revealing the admirable capacity of oldest old individuals to overcome adversities and adapting to the challenges of very advanced age. This study aims to explore alternative criteria to Rowe and Kahn successful aging model in centenarians. A sample of 70 individuals (Mage100.91, SD 1.37, 87.1%female) with cognitive capacity for answering self-report questions were selected from the population-based Oporto Centenarian Study (PT100). Perceived economic status, sub- jective health and happiness were considered as components to assess successful aging. Main findings revealed that 62.9% of the sample was able to meet economic needs, 44.3% was happy and 32.3% reported a positive self-perception of health. 12.9% of the participants satisfied all three criteria and 16.1% didnt fulfilled any. A previous study using the same alternative criteria found that 47.5% of centenarians were successful aged, whereas none of them satisfied all three objective components from Rowe and Kahn’s success- ful aging model (Cho et al., 2012). Thus, the higher propor- tion of centenarians with positive self-ratings demonstrate that they may feel successful despite not being objectively considered as so. The alternative criteria of perceived eco- nomic status, subjective health and happiness considered in this study seem to be suitable to approach successful aging in very advanced age.