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- Produção de farinha de larvas e pupas de zângãoPublication . Correia, Paula; Vouga, C.; Coelho, C.; Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Costa, Cristina Amaro DaA técnica da remoção dos quadros de zângão, utilizada no controlo do ácaro Varroa destructor, pode proporcionar uma fonte alternativa de alimento, sendo para isso necessário desenvolver técnicas simples e viáveis de extração e utilização das larvas e pupas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar dois métodos de extração, o método de extração a frio e a quente. Após a recolha os quadros foram congelados para garantir a sua conservação. Seguiu-se a extração das larvas e pupas através de métodos de extração a frio e extração quente (imersão em água a ferver). A extração a frio foi realizada manualmente com duas condições: sala fria (61ºC); superfície fria. Os rendimentos de extração variaram entre 62,57,5% e 84,94,0%, respetivamente para a superfície fria e para a extração a quente. Os tempos de extração mais elevado foi para a extração a frio em sala fria (336,342,4 segundos) e o mais baixo para a superfície fria (246,830,1 segundos). As larvas e pupas foram submetidas a dois tipos de desidratação: vaporização e liofilização. A vaporização escureceu demasiado as larvas e pupas não se revelando um bom processo de secagem. Deste modo, a farinha foi produzida a partir da trituração das larvas e pupas secadas por liofilização (até peso constante). Nutricionalmente as farinhas apresentaram-se ricas em proteína e gordura. Este novo produto poderá proporcionar o aumento do rendimento da atividade apícola, benefícios nutricionais e usos na produção de novos produtos à base de farinha de zângão.
- Consumers’ Perceptions about Edible Insects’ Nutritional Value and Health Effects: Study Involving 14 CountriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Boustani, Nada M.; Matran, Irina; Jakšić, Krešimir; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Bartkiene, Elena; Djekic, Ilija; Papageorgiou, Maria; Arias, Leticia G.; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Klava, Dace; Ferreira, Vanessa; Damarli, Emel; Ferreira, ManuelaDownload PDFsettingsOrder Article Reprints This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessFeature PaperArticle Consumers’ Perceptions about Edible Insects’ Nutritional Value and Health Effects: Study Involving 14 Countries by Raquel P. F. Guiné 1,*ORCID,Sofia G. Florença 1ORCID,Cristina A. Costa 1ORCID,Paula M. R. Correia 1ORCID,Nada M. Boustani 2ORCID,Irina Matran 3ORCID,Krešimir Jakšić 4ORCID,Cristina Chuck-Hernández 5ORCID,Elena Bartkiene 6ORCID,Ilija Djekic 7ORCID,Maria Papageorgiou 8ORCID,Leticia G. Arias 9ORCID,Malgorzata Korzeniowska 10ORCID,Maša Černelič-Bizjak 11ORCID,Dace Klava 12ORCID,Vanessa Ferreira 13ORCID,Emel Damarli 14ORCID andManuela Ferreira 15ORCID 1 CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal 2 Faculty of Business and Administration, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon 3 Department of Community Nutrition and Food Safety, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania 4 Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia 5 Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey 64849, Mexico 6 Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania 7 Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 8 Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece 9 BALAT Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain 10 Faculty of Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland add Show full affiliation list * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Animals 2024, 14(11), 1631; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14111631 Submission received: 6 May 2024 / Revised: 25 May 2024 / Accepted: 29 May 2024 / Published: 30 May 2024 Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Versions Notes Simple Summary Climate change is one of the drivers of change towards sustainable food systems food security. Therefore, food security is a priority all around the world and across different sectors of society. Edible insects are recommended as a sustainable source of food of animal origin, but their acceptance is very diverse across cultures and countries. Therefore, our work investigated the perceptions of consumers about edible insects in 14 countries. We concluded that depending on origin, the level of knowledge is different, which is a starting point to design more focused campaigns to promote EIs, not only in non-insect-eating countries, but also in insect-eating countries. Better knowledge about the health effects of EIs and their nutritive value is a driver of change. Abstract Insects have been consumed for time immemorial in many regions of the globe. However, in other parts, they are not traditionally eaten. Because they are a more sustainable source of animal protein and provide valuable nutrients as well as bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on the human body, their consumption is encouraged. Knowledge can serve as a tool for better acceptance of insects as food. In this context, the present work investigated the knowledge about the nutritional value and health effects of edible insects in different countries. Data were collected by employing a questionnaire survey translated into the different languages of all participating countries and were treated using statistical tools. A total of 7222 responses were obtained. The results indicated that for many issues, the participants manifested a neutral opinion (neither agree nor disagree), but the participants who manifested agreement/disagreement were generally well informed. They were also able to identify untrue facts and answer accordingly by disagreeing. Factor analysis showed four groups of questions: nutritive value, negative perception and risks, safety and benefits of insects and contamination and harmful components. Finally, significant differences were observed according to the sociodemographic variables studies (sex, age, education, living environment and country), with age and country being the most influential of the sociodemographic factors on knowledge. Therefore, increasing knowledge is envisaged as an essential factor in augmenting the recognition of edible insects as a nutritional food, presenting health benefits apart from being a more sustainable source of animal protein when compared with beef or pork meats.
- Designing training in organic farming on a multinational basisPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Costa, Daniela; Correia, Paula; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Esteves Correia, Helena; Castro, Moises; Guerra, Luis T; Seeds, Catherine; Coll, Collette; Radics, Laszlo; Arslan, Meahmet; Soylu, Soner; Tothova, Monika; Toth, Peter; Basile, SalvatorePurpose – The purpose of this paper is to obtain information to characterize potential trainees seeking training programs about organic farming in the form of mobile learning. This information is expected to allow for establishing a set of guidelines to design mobile training opportunities that could match the potential clients ’ wishes. Design/methodology/approach – For this survey an on-line questionnaire was used, translated into the languages of the participating countries (Portugal, Spain, Slovakia, Hungary, UK, Italy and Turkey), and in the end 133 consented valid questionnaires were obtained. The data analysis was made with SPSS and included basic descriptive statistics, crosstabs and χ 2 tests, considering a level of significance of 5 per cent. Findings – The results obtained in the present study indicate that designing training programs in organic farming for a wide target population should attend to the differences between countries, which showed to significantly influence the preferences of the possible clients for this type of training.Practical implications – This study provided valuable information for use in the preparation of training programs for adults who want to expand their knowledge on organic farming, in order to prepare courses more in accordance with their preferences. Originality/value – The fact that the study was undertaken in several countries, including North, Central and South Europe, is a positive indicator that globally accepted courses could be implemented successfully. To the knowledge no such work was undertaken up to the present, thus confirming the originality of the study presented.
- Os jovens e a agricultura familiar. Que presente e que futuroPublication . Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Coelho, Catarina; Gomes, Diana; Pereira, Adriana; Costa, DanielaCerca de 70% das necessidades alimentares são satisfeitas por 500 milhões explorações agrícolas familiares distribuídas por todo o mundo (FAO, 2014). Contudo, isso não tem sido suficiente para contrariar a visão de que este tipo de agricultura está, frequentemente, associado à pobreza, pequena dimensão da exploração, agricultura de subsistência e baixos rendimentos (FAO/CTA/IFAD, 2014). Apesar desta visão não ser atrativa, um pouco por todo o lado, e mesmo em Portugal, existem muitos jovens envolvidos na agricultura familiar. O fenómeno do abandono agrícola, iniciado no final da década de 60 com o êxodo de grande parte população rural para a Europa, seguido do aumento da atividade industrial que contratou inúmeros jovens provenientes dos territórios rurais e, mais tarde, a Guerra do Ultramar, tem continuado até aos dias de hoje. Entre outros, a falta de apoio técnico e a insegurança económica da atividade agrícola encontram-se entre as principais razões que levam os jovens a ir para as cidades à procura de melhores salários e oportunidades de vida (Almeida, 2007). Apesar das políticas de apoio à instalação e ao investimento de jovens agricultores, com início em 1986, ao abrigo da entrada na Comunidade Económica Europeia (Cordeiro, 2008; Alberto, 2004), continua a verificar-se o envelhecimento dos produtores agrícolas: segundo o último recenseamento agrícola (2019) mais de metade dos produtores agrícolas (52,5%) tem mais de 64 anos, sendo que na Beira Litoral e no Algarve a idade média é de 67 e 68 anos, respetivamente (INE, 2021). Os territórios rurais, em particular os do interior o País, têm assistido a um decréscimo significativo da população residente, com valores que nalguns locais atingem os 75% em relação a 1960, com o consequente abandono da atividade agrícola. O resultado tem sido o envelhecimento da população já referido, e a ocupação das áreas agrícolas por espécies florestais de rápido crescimento ou mato/floresta desordenada o que potenciam a ameaça causada pelos incêndios florestais, bem como a perda de biodiversidade e o acréscimo de desequilíbrios ambientais associados. Importa, assim, promover a revitalização dos territórios rurais, que se associam fortemente às dinâmicas e paisagens rurais, através do incentivo a explorações agrícolas, pecuárias e florestais mais diversificadas, resilientes, rentáveis e sustentáveis, valorizando concomitantemente os seus impactos positivos a nível económico, ambiental e social. Compreender os fatores que propiciam o despovoamento e o abandono da atividade agrícola, é fundamental para identificar medidas que permitam apoiar a fixação de população, em particular de jovens agricultores
- Investigation of the Level of Knowledge in Different Countries about Edible Insects: Cluster SegmentationPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia G.; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Ferreira, Manuela; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, Ofélia; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Sarić, Marijana Matek; Djekic, Ilija; Papageorgiou, Maria; Baro, José M. F.; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Bartkiene, Elena; Tarcea, Monica; Boustani, Nada M.; Klava, Dace; Damarli, EmelThis study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge about edible insects (EIs) in a sample of people from thirteen countries (Croatia, Greece, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, and Turkey). Data collection was based on a questionnaire survey applied through online tools between July and November 2021. For data analysis, techniques such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, and chi-square tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. A total of 27 items were used to measure knowledge on a five-point Likert scale. Applying factor analysis with principal components and Varimax rotation, a solution that explains about 55% of variance was obtained. This accounts for four factors that retained 22 of the 27 initial items: F1 = Sustainability (8 items), F2 = Nutrition (8 items), F3 = Production Factors (2 items), and F4 = Health Concerns (4 items). Internal consistency was evaluated through Cronbach’s alpha. The cluster analysis consisted of the application of hierarchical methods followed by k-means and produced three clusters (1—‘fearful’, 2—‘farming,’ and 3—‘ecological’ individuals). The characterisation of the clusters revealed that age did not influence cluster membership, while sex, education, country, living environment, professional area, and income all influenced the composition of the clusters. While participants from Mexico and Spain were fewer in the ‘fearful’ cluster, in those from Greece, Latvia, Lebanon, and Turkey, the situation was opposed. Participants from rural areas were mostly in cluster 2, which also included a higher percentage of participants with lower income. Participants from professional areas linked with biology, food, and nutrition were mostly in cluster 3. In this way, we concluded that the level of knowledge about EIs is highly variable according to the individual characteristics, namely that the social and cultural influences of the different countries lead to distinct levels of knowledge and interpretation of information, thus producing divergent approaches to the consumption of insects—some more reluctant and measuring possible risks. In contrast, others consider EIs a good and sustainable protein-food alternative.
- O encontro da arte digital com a aprendizagem das línguas estrangeiras no ensino superior em Portugal: uma experiência de interdisciplinaridadePublication . Delplancq, Véronique; Costa Lopes, Ana Maria; Costa, Cristina Amaro; Coutinho, Emília; Oliveira, Isabel; Pereira, José; Lopez Garcia, Patricia; Gillain, Romain; Amante, Susana; Fidalgo, Susana; Relvas, SusanaUm dos desafios atuais do Ensino Superior (ES) é inovar nas suas práticas, con-siderando o estudante como ator ativo da sua aprendizagem, na perspetiva das exigências do mercado do trabalho, a sua rápida evolução e a variedade de ca-pacidades requeridas. A criação de narrativas digitais não lineares dinâmicas com o Korsakow 6 revelou ser uma ferramenta poderosa na aprendizagem ati-va das línguas estrangeiras (LE): estimula a mobilização de competências em diversas áreas e constitui uma forte motivação para os estudantes do século XXI. O projeto JASM (Janela aberta sobre o mundo: LE, criatividade multimodal e inovação pedagógica no ES), desenvolvido por uma equipa pluridisciplinar de docentes do ES, utiliza este sistema para produzir curtas-metragens, em francês e inglês, por alunos do curso de licenciatura em Comunicação Social da Escola Superior de Educação de Viseu (ESEV), tendo por base o percurso de vida e as tradições de imigrantes em Viseu. Recorre a abordagens diversas, de criação e de diferentes modos, com o objetivo de levar os estudantes a desenvolver uma consciência multilingue e multicultural, num ambiente criativo, colaborativo e interdisciplinar. O recurso às novas tecnologias permitiu prosseguir o trabalho à distância, assegurando a continuidade da produção de conteúdos e o refina-mento da qualidade dos documentos. O artigo problematiza a metodologia adotada, apresenta os resultados em termos de conteúdos produzidos, de aquisição de competências, mas também de avaliação por parte dos alunos e dos docentes.
- Edible Insects: Perceptions of Marketing, Economic, and Social Aspects among Citizens of Different CountriesPublication . Guiné, Raquel; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Correia, Paula; Cruz-Lopes, Luísa; Esteves, Bruno; Ferreira, Manuela; Fragata, Anabela; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Campos, Sofia; Anjos, Ofélia; Bartkiene, Elena; Djekic, Ilija; Matran, Irina M.; Čulin, Jelena; Klava, Dace; Chuck-Hernández, Cristina; Korzeniowska, Malgorzata; Boustani, Nada M.; Papageorgiou, Maria; Gutiérrez, Bernardo Prieto; Černelič-Bizjak, Maša; Damarli, Emel; Ferreira, VanessaBecause edible insects (EI) have been, in recent years, recommended as a nutritious animal protein food with enormous environmental advantages over other sources of animal protein for human consumption, studies aimed at investigating the consumer perspective have become more prominent. Hence, this study intended to examine the perceptions of participants from different countries about the commercialization and economic and social impacts of edible insects. The study was made using a questionnaire survey, and data were collected in Brazil, Croatia, Greece, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, and Turkey. The final number of received answers was 7222 participants. For the treatment of the results, different statistical techniques were used: factor analysis, internal reliability by Cronbach’s alpha, cluster analysis, ANOVA to test differences between groups, and Chi-square tests. The results obtained confirmed the validity of the scale, constituted by 12 out of the 14 items initially considered, distributed by 4 factors: the first related to the economic impact of EIs, the second related to the motivation for consumption of EIs, the third related to the places of purchase of EIs, and the fourth corresponding to a question presented to the participants as a false statement. A cluster analysis allowed identifying three clusters, with significant differences between them according to all the sociodemographic variables tested. Also, it was found that the participants expressed an exceptionally high level of agreement with aspects such as the difficulty in finding EIs on sale, knowledge acting as a strong motivator for EI consumption, and the role of personalities and influencers in increasing the will to consume EIs. Finally, practically all sociodemographic variables were found to be significantly associated with perceptions (country, sex, education, living environment, and income), but not age. In conclusion, the perceptions about EI commercialization were investigated and revealed differences among samples originating from different countries. Moreover, the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were found to be strongly associated with their perceptions.
- Professional training in the beekeeping sector: characterization and identification of needsPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Costa, Cristina Amaro DaThe beekeeping sector is demanding, requires knowledge and updated information to be able to deal with the challenges related with climate change, stress, pollution, and other harmful effects from the surrounding environment. Hence, this work intended to make a characterization of the needs in professional training in the beekeeping sector and how these needs can be fulfilled through courses and other actions to help beekeepers to maintain updated. The work was carried out in seven European countries (Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Total), and the data was collected through a questionnaire survey, translated into the native languages in all the participating countries. The results revealed that the topics of highest interest for the beekeepers were apiary health and pest control and also colony management throughout the year. The most relevant sources of information are family and professional training/courses. The most valued forms of training are in-person and in workplace/internships, although the digital supporting resources are preferred instead of printed material. The learning materials most valued were videos but also books/paper manuals were considered relevant. The field visits were also greatly appreciated by the participants, and the most preferred assessment format was the realization of practical exercises. In conclusion, this work produced valuable information that can be utilized to design training actions and course to the professionals in the beekeeping sector to enhance their knowled
- Food Security and Sustainability: Discussing the Four Pillars to Encompass Other DimensionsPublication . Guiné, R.P.F.; Pato, Lúcia; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Costa, Daniela; Silva, Paulo; Martinho, VítorThe unadjusted intake of food constitutes a real challenge for the several sustainability dimensions. In this perspective, the main objectives of this research are to characterise the current contexts of food security, its relationship with sustainability, and identify proposals and actions that may support the design of more adjusted policies in the future. In addition, it is intended to assess if the food security pillars properly address the sustainability goals and if the evolution of undernutrition is accompanied by sustainable frameworks. In this way, statistical information from the FAOSTAT database was considered for the several dimensions of food security over the period 2000–2020. These data were analysed through factor-cluster approaches and panel data methodologies, namely those related to quantile regressions. As main insights, we may refer that undernutrition is more impacted by the availability of food and nutrients and political stability than by the level of GDP—Gross Domestic Product (except for the extreme cases). This means that the level of development is not the primary explanation for the problems of nutrition. The main focus of the national and international policies must be to improve the agrifood supply chains and to support political stability, in order to mitigate undernutrition worldwide and ensure a global access to sustainable and healthy diets. In addition, it is suggested to rethink the four pillars of food security (availability, access, utilisation and stability), in order to encompass other dimensions, such as climate change.
- Pêra Passa de Viseu. Contributo para a sua caracterização.Publication . Correia, Paula; Costa, Cristina Amaro Da; Ferreira Wessel, Dulcineia; Guiné, RaquelA pêra passa de Viseu é um Produto Agro-Alimentar Tradicional da região da Beira Alta que resulta de um processo tecnológico artesanal reunindo características organolépticas ímpares. A produção de pêra passa de Viseu tem decrescido acentuadamente nos últimos anos, provavelmente devido aos elevados custos de produção, à deficiente promoção do produto e ao desconhecimento das suas qualidades. No sentido de melhorar a produtividade, preservar e valorizar este recurso endógeno da região da Beira Alta e poder vir a contribuir para a criação de uma Denominação de Origem, estamos a desenvolver um trabalho que tem por objectivo caracterizar em termos da produção, tecnologia e propriedades fisíco-químicas a pêra passa de Viseu.