Departamento de Ecologia e Agricultura Sustentável (DEAS)
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- Agri-Food Contexts in Mediterranean Regions: Contributions to Better Resources ManagementPublication . Martinho, VítorThe agri-food frameworks have specific characteristics (production units with small dimensions and in great number with implications in the respective markets) that call for adjusted approaches, even more so when they are considered in Mediterranean contexts (where global warming will have relevant impacts). In fact, the Mediterranean regions and countries have particular specificities (due to their climate conditions) that distinguish them from their neighbours. This is particularly true in Europe, for example, where the southern countries present socioeconomic dynamics (associated with the respective public debt) that are different from those identified in the northern regions. From this perspective, it seems pertinent to analyse the several dimensions of the agri-food systems in the Mediterranean area. To achieve these objectives, a search was carried out on 26 December 2020 on the scientific databases Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) and Scopus for the topics “agr*-food” and “Mediterranean”. These keywords were selected after a previous literature survey and to capture the agri-food contexts in Mediterranean regions. The keyword “agr*-food” was considered in this way to allow for a wider search (including “agri-food”, “agro-food”, etc.). Considering only articles (excluding proceeding papers, book chapters, and books, because in some cases it is difficult to access the entire content of the document), 100 and 117 documents were obtained from the WoS and Scopus, respectively. After removing the duplicated studies and taking into account the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach, 137 documents were surveyed through a literature review. As main insights, several dimensions embedded in the concept of agri-food were highlighted, from those related to heritage subjects to natural assets. On the other hand, the following subtopics were identified: agri-food dynamics and sustainability, agriculture and agri-food systems, agri-chains and food consumption, and food production and composition impact on agri-chains. Stressing the gaps in the scientific literature, related to the topics here addressed, there are possibilities to better explore the several dimensions and solutions offered by the new developments associated with smart agriculture and agriculture 4.0, specifically for the Mediterranean contexts and their challenges. Finally, to complement the PRISMA methodologies, an MB2MBA2 (Methodology Based on Benchmarking of Metadata, from scientific databases, and Bibliometric Assessment and Analysis) approach is suggested to carry out systematic literature reviews, based on bibliometric analysis.
- Agricultural Entrepreneurship in the European Union: Contributions for a Sustainable DevelopmentPublication . Martinho, VítorEntrepreneurship is sometimes seen as a glimmer of hope which may bring about some contribution towards improving economic dynamics and performance, specifically in the creation of employment by young people, in general, with further educational training, greater flexibility and who are better prepared for working with new technologies. However, entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector is, in certain circumstances, viewed as being something incompatible or, at least, difficult to implement. More scientific studies in these fields could provide interesting contributions on the road to highlighting new ideas inside the farming sector. In this framework, the objective of this study is to explore the entrepreneurship dimensions within the European Union agriculture towards a more sustainable sector. In fact, without an economic dimension in farm management, its sustainability in the medium and long run may be compromised, increasing the abandonment of farming, namely in more disadvantaged regions. For this, the literature which is available on the platform Web of Science relating to the following three topics was initially analysed: entrepreneurship, agriculture, and the European Union. This literature was clustered through the VOSviewer software, an interesting tool for performing bibliometric analysis. Secondly, statistical information related to European Union agricultural entrepreneurship considering empirical approaches was also explored. The analysis carried out shows that the realities across European Union countries are, in fact, different, where the instruments from the common agricultural policies, for example, may play a crucial role in promoting more farming entrepreneurship in a more sustainable way.
- Agricultural Policies in India: Demands of Current RealitiesPublication . Martinho, VítorAny assessment of the agricultural sector and the respective policies worldwide increase its robustness if considering the Indian framework. In fact, India is a populous country in South Asia with great changes to meet the demand for food of its population. Some solutions have been discussed; however, the questions here are the relationships between the need for higher food production and the environmental impacts. The climate-smart agriculture (CSA) approaches may have some solutions; nonetheless, the threats brought by global warming are real and challenging. Taking into account India's food requirements, the contributions of agricultural policy are analysed to support the identification of solutions through a systematic review based on items with higher total link strength. As main conclusions, of referring the attention of the Indian agricultural policies with the new approaches of the CSA, water management, public health, agrobiodiversity, agricultural and policy transitions, trade liberalisation and the Asian green revolution.
- Agricultural Policy: A Driver for Structural and Technological ChangePublication . Martinho, VítorThis book gives insights into the agricultural policies in several countries located in different continents. It is of interest to students, researchers, and policy and decision makers. Given the particularities of agriculture, agricultural policies are indispensable for an adjusted development of farms according to the strategic objectives of each country, namely the socio-economic and environmental ones. The question that often arises is whether the practical effects of the various policy measures are in accordance with their design and what is the effect of these policy instruments among many other causes of structural and technological change. The aim of this book is to describe the main agricultural policies that have been implemented in countries such as the United States of America, Brazil, China, India, South Africa, Australia, as well as the European Union. It also aims to analyse the real impact of these policies on the structural and technological changes of farms in the European Union. As its methodology, the book considers bibliometric analysis, literature review and statistical approaches.
- Aldeias Históricas de Portugal Destino Sustentável e InovadorPublication . Pinto, Rita; Pato, Maria Lúcia; Duque, Ana SofiaAs Aldeias Históricas de Portugal (AHP) procuram consolidar o seu desenvolvimento turístico nos princípios da sustentabilidade e inovação. Tendo como base esta premissa, o objetivo principal deste estudo é o de analisar que trabalho tem vindo a ser feito nesta matéria. Para a concretização deste objetivo para além da revisão da literatura, foi realizada uma entrevista exploratória, posteriormente transcrita e sujeita à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados permitem afirmar que o desenvolvimento do turismo nas AHP assenta nos princípios de sustentabilidade, inovação e proteção do património. Graças a muito trabalho colaborativo e de resiliência, as AHP foram recentemente distinguidas com o certificado Biosphere Destination, sendo o primeiro destino no mundo em rede certificado, e o primeiro nacional a receber esta distinção.
- An Insight into the Level of Information about Sustainability of Edible Insects in a Traditionally Non-Insect-Eating Country: Exploratory StudyPublication . Guiné, Raquel P. F.; Florença, Sofia De Guiné E; Anjos, O.; Correia, Paula; Ferreira, Bruno; Costa, Cristina Amaro DaInsects have been reported as a possible alternative solution to help feed the growing world pop-ulation with less stress on the planet, thus contributing to the preservation of the environment and natural ecosystems. However, the consumption of edible insects (EIs), although culturally ac-cepted for some communities, is not readily accepted for others. Hence this work explores the lev-el of information that people in a traditionally non-insect-eating country have about the sustaina-bility issues related with EIs, and also some possible reasons that could motivate their consump-tion. The study was based on a questionnaire survey and the results were explored by descriptive statistic tools, tree classification analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the level of information is still low in general, with most people not manifesting an opinion. However, some aspects are relatively familiar to the participants (88.9% know that the ecological footprint of insects is smaller than other meats and 86.9% know that they efficiently convert or-ganic matter into protein). Factor and cluster analysis showed three classes: cluster 1—people not informed about the facts disclosed through the true statements and also not able to distinguish the false information; cluster 2—people not informed about the facts disclosed through the true statements but who were able to distinguish the false information; and cluster 3—people well in-formed about the facts disclosed through the true statements but who were marginally unable to distinguish the false information. It was also found that education, sex and professional area are the most relevant sociodemographic factors associated with the level of information, and the highest motivations to consume EIs are their contribution to preserve the environment and natu-ral resources followed by being a more sustainable option (for 64.7% and 53.4% of participants, respectively). Hence it was concluded that, although some work still needs to be done to better inform people about EIs, there is already some conscientiousness that they constitute a good and more sustainable alternative to other types of meat.
- Análise às dinâmicas existentes, na defesa da floresta contra incêndios, no concelho de Mortágua MortáguaPublication . Ferreira, Sandra; Viana, Helder; Barracosa, PauloOs incêndios Florestais são um fenómeno próprio de várias regiões, abrangendo aquelas que apresentam clima com características mediterrâneas, como o nosso país. Embora exista unanimidade em considerar a questão dos incêndios florestais, como um problema grave que urge resolver, ou pelo menos minorar, a verdade, é que dadas as suas variadas facetas., nem sempre, os diferentes Intervenientes envolvidos se mostram de acordo quanto à forma de o fazer. A Região Centro tem, nas últimas décadas, sentido o flagelo dos incêndios florestais, e em particular nos concelhos de Distrito de Viseu (DV). No período entre 1990 e 2003, observou-se, no DV, uma área florestal ardida total de mais de 182.500 hectares, sendo cerca de 67.600ha de povoamentos e 114.900ha de matos, com mais de 31700 ocorrências. A análise da evolução dos fogos florestais, no período referido, revela que estes ocorrem com uma frequência cíclica, tendo tido picos de maior área ardida nos anos de 1990, 1996 e 1998 e 2000, não se observando uma relação directa com o número de ocorrências. Este comportamento, embora com as devidas diferenciações, observa-se, de um modo geral, em todos os concelhos do DV, à excepção do concelho de Mortágua, onde esta situação é paradigmática. De facto, a partir do ano de 1995, observa-se neste concelho, uma quase inexistência de área ardida, não obstante, de ser dos concelhos que apresenta uma maior taxa florestal. Com o intuito de contribuir para uma melhor compreensão, sobre as estratégias levadas a cabo pelas Entidades competentes, e pela população do concelho, no planeamento das acções de defesa e combate aos incêndios florestais, que contribuíram para a diminuição dos incêndios e consequentemente da área ardida, foi realizado este trabalho, com o apoio da Associação de Produtores Florestais de Mortágua. Foram levantadas todas as infra-estruturas florestais existentes no concelho e, simultaneamente, foi elaborado um inquérito aos proprietários florestais para conhecer a sua atitude face à floresta.
- Análise comparativa das nuts ii portuguesasPublication . Martinho, VítorNeste trabalho faz-se uma análise comparativa das NUTs II portuguesas com base em informação estatística disponível no Eurostat e tendo em conta as mais recentes teorias relacionadas com a evolução das economias regionais, nomeadamente, a teoria Keynesiana, a teoria de Crescimento Endógeno e a Nova Geografia Económica. Por isso, este trabalho está dividido em quatro partes, na primeira é efectuada uma pequena introdução, na segunda são apresentadas as variáveis consideradas, na terceira faz-se a análise comparativa dos dados relacionados com a variáveis consideradas e na quarta parte são apresentadas algumas ilações.
- Análise da lei de Verdoorn nas regiões e sectores portuguesesPublication . Martinho, VítorCom este trabalho pretende-se estimar a Lei de Verdoorn (com diversas especificações alternativas), para cada um dos sectores económicos das cinco regiões (NUTs II) de Portugal Continental, para o total da economia regional e para cada uma das referidas regiões, no período 1995 a 1999. Por outro lado, verificar de que forma novas variáveis adicionadas (fluxos de mercadorias, capital e concentração) influenciam os resultados obtidos. Tenciona-se, assim, analisar a existência de economias à escala crescentes que caracterizam os fenómenos de polarização com causas circulares e cumulativas e podem explicar os processos de divergência regional. Visa-se, ainda, analisar de que forma as novas variáveis consideradas influenciam as conclusões sobre a existência de economias à escala crescentes e indagar sobre a complementaridade entre os modelos da polarização, associados à teoria Keynesiana, e os modelos da aglomeração, associados à Nova Geografia Económica (daí terem-se considerado os fluxos de mercadorias e a variável concentração). Isto porque tanto os processos de polarização como os da aglomeração se baseiam em fenómenos circulares e cumulativos, embora a fundamentação teórica seja diferente, ou seja, macro-económica nos desenvolvimentos Keynesianos associados à Lei de Verdoorn e microeconómica na Nova Geografia Económica. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos nas Contas Regionais (2003) do Instituto Nacional de Estatística
- Análise quantitativa da oferta e procura na hotelaria e turismo rural na Região Viseu Dão LafõesPublication . Pato, Maria Lúcia; Lemos, Carlota; Brito, ManuelNuma altura em que se apela à diversificação crescente do turismo e procura de alojamentos integrados nos locais de destino, este trabalho procura compilar uma análise quantitativa da oferta de empreendimentos turísticos, em particular da Hotelaria e Turismo no Espaço Rural. A análise centra-se na Região Viseu Dão Lafões, uma região interior que tem procurado afirmar-se em termos turísticos, revelando um crescimento da atividade turística em relação à restante Região Centro no período em análise de 2014 a 2018. Os dados deste estudo foram obtidos a partir do Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Os resultados sugerem que, o alojamento proporcionado na modalidade de Turismo no Espaço Rural/Turismo de Habitação é preponderante para o desenvolvimento socioeconómico da maioria dos concelhos da região. No entanto, estas modalidades, em relação aos estabelecimentos hoteleiros, estão associadas a menor capacidade de alojamento, número de hóspedes, número de dormidas e taxa líquida de ocupação-cama. Usaram-se SIG como ferramenta de visualização espacial de alguns resultados